Continuum of Strategies Free Essays

Continuum of Strategies Sylvia Brooks, Kenya Conyers, Jennifer Williams SEI/500 Structured English Immersion October 22, 2012 Dr. Gretchen Meyer Continuum of Strategies Introduction: Mrs. Brooks is a first grade teacher in Harvard Elementary School and this year she has twenty five students in her classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Continuum of Strategies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Of the twenty five students in her classroom, five are English Language Learners. These five students are all Spanish speaking but two are from Puerto Rico and three are of Mexican descent. Mrs. Books has found that two of the five children speak English also. Today’s lesson in Social Studies is titled Community Workers. In this lesson we will begin with the teacher centered strategy. The lesson will also include the teacher assisted, peer assisted, and student centered strategies. Teacher-Centered: Mrs. Brooks began her lesson by using the teacher-centered strategy of lecture. She informed the children that they would begin a unit entitled Community Workers, and doing a picture walk from the book. Mrs. Brooks has everyone to put there finger on the title and repeat the title together â€Å"Community Workers†. Next she asks the students for suggestions as to who do they think is a community worker? Mrs. Brooks talks about each suggestion then tells the children to look at the pictures on the next page. The children are given thirty seconds to tell their partner the name of the person in the picture. Then the teacher tells them the correct way to say the name of person in English and proceeds to the next picture (Echevarria, Vogt, Short, 2008). The same process continues until the end of the story and the children can verbally identify the names of the community workers. Teacher-Assisted: After the story is completed, Mrs. Brooks began using a teacher assisted strategy. Mrs. Brooks brought out several boxes and placed them on the table. The children stayed with his or her partner. Each group was given a box with the description of a community worker inside. Inside each box were several items that were in English along with a picture attached. Each group was able to look into their box and decide what they were going to discuss with the rest of the class. The groups were given about three minutes to have their description ready to present to the class. Once each group had finished presenting their community worker, Mrs. Brooks passed out a worksheet to be completed. Peer Assisted: Before completing the worksheets, the students swapped partners so that one student from each group could discuss their community worker with another student. The students were instructed to write down key elements about each community worker. The students were given 3 minutes and after 3 minutes were up the pairs swapped again. This continued until all students had paired up to cover all five community workers covered. After this students were given directions to complete the worksheet. Student-Centered: Students were directed to complete the worksheet by using the notes taken during the â€Å"pair swap†. Students were also able to refer back to the elements used in their presentations in order to complete worksheet. After completing worksheet, students were allowed time to share and discuss answers. Conclusion: After completing each activity on community workers, the teacher began reviewing the lesson that was taught. She began asking questions about community workers. She asked the students to name several community workers, what they do, and if they wear a uniform. The workers that were left out she held up pictures of the workers and allowed the students to answer questions about them. Mrs. Brooks saw that the students retain the information that was taught and enjoyed learning about community workers. References Echevarria, J. , Vogt, M. , Short, D. J. (2008). Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners. The SIOP ® Model, Third Edition  (3rd ed. ). Boston, MA: Allyn Bacon, Inc. A Pearson Education Company. How to cite Continuum of Strategies, Essay examples

Leadership Development Programs and Relations

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Development Programs and Relations. Answer: Introduction: Using traditional methods to solve sustainability challenges in this globe has borne no fruits, and therefore it's high time both developed and developing nations start embracing systems thinking to address these challenges which shortly may cause many problems to development issues. Systems thinking is a concept that makes proper use of tools, habits, and ideas to develop the wanted understanding of the interdependent components of complex systems(Nguyen and Bosch, 2013, p.110). By understanding the complex system, one stands a better chance of coming up with a better solution to solve the challenges in question. Sustainability challenges, on the other hand, refers to obstacles that prevent equilibrium approach to economic or business related activities and societal benefit. Increasing women's participation in senior executive roles in Australia Corporation will be more suited in explaining how systems thinking can be used to solve sustainability challenges that face Australian corp orations as increasing the number of women in various companies is a wicked problem. Systems thinking analyses all the components of a system and make it easier to understand. By understanding the elements of the problem, the people charged with coming up with the solutions will find it simpler to develop a solution or solve the problem (Best and Holmes, 2010, p. 150). This will, therefore, help the organization or the society to fix their problems and be able to achieve their goals which may include sustainable development. The purpose of this essay will be to show how systems thinking can be used to solve or develop solutions to sustainability challenges. Further, this essay will demonstrate how using systems thinking can be used to establish solutions to critical sustainability challenges. Systems thinking help in exploring and integrating new ideas in the organization. These ideas lead to new business opportunities which help the firm to grow regarding a larger market share, more revenues, and even profits. The new ideas also help the organization to be more competitive than before as they may create a competitive advantage which makes the firm be able to compete globally with other established companies by either opening branches in other countries or embracing e-commerce technologies (Branson, 2011, p. 793). The new ideas also may involve with coming with new ways of packaging or even rebranding their products and services so as to attract more customers and even position their products in a higher position than those of their competitors. System thinking creates a more appealing vision of the organizational future. By having a well-defined concept, the corporation will have a clear goal and objectives to achieve, and this will mean that greater portion of the organization's resources will be directed towards the achievement of that well-set goal and objectives (Clarke, 2011, p. 500). This will help the firm to avoid wasting resources on some projects or goals which will not help the organization to achieve its future vision and mission. Hence, systems thinking contribute to give teams direction, and this helps them to be focused with less or no wastage of resources towards mean fewer goals and objectives. Systems thinking help to design new systems, and this contributes to creating innovative structures and systems of performing activities with more ease (Flood, 2010, p. 26). This helps in reducing resource consumption in the organization and even less workforce, and these saved resources can get used elsewhere to create more useful products and services which can be used to eliminate some challenges to sustainability in our society such as high prices due to strong demand for goods and services and less supply. It also helps in re-designing broken systems. Since systems thinking enables organizations to understand all components that make up the system, it becomes of greater use when needed to fix a broken system and restore its operations and even re-design it so that it can be more useful than before, and this helps to keep the organization in better condition for tackling its activities which contribute to come up with solutions to sustainability challenges in our nations (Mingers and White, 2010, p.1150). Helps organizations to deal with problems that are associated with change. Change is inevitable in many organizations and for them to be able to cope well with the unexpected changes which may be caused by the modification of legal regulations, tax rates, economic changes, the death of employees and even employee turnover they need to use systems thinking techniques(Mingers and White, 2010, p. 1150 ). This helps organizations survive and address the challenges that hinder their operations and prevent them from developing critical solutions to sustainability challenges which are facing many nations and preventing them from achieving their economic goals which in most cases include poverty alienation. Systems thinking provide a better way of learning new things and processes more quickly. This is because its rules are not complicated and they are straightforward and consistent as they don't change.They are the same from one system to another and even from organization to organization (Best and Holmes, 2010, p.150). This makes them easy to use, and this helps firms come up with critical or valuable solutions that can contribute to solving the problem of sustainability challenges in our country, and this would help to develop sustainable developments that are vital in making our lives better. Also, systems thinking provides a better and new way of making superior decisions and create strategies that help to solve problems and look for leverage points which can contribute to change the issue in question without forgetting about their goals and objectives (Jackson,2010, p.13). This ability makes them be able to help in coming up with solutions that will assist in solving sustainability challenges and also fulfilling their core missions that include creating value, making more profits and increasing shareholders value. Even though in agree that systems thinking help to solve sustainability challenges in our societies, I must agree that it also has some drawbacks which cannot be ignored. For the systems to work efficiently, it requires significant amount of investment in terms of organizational structures and the needed skills as people need to be trained in a series of interrelated topics so that the systems thinking can provide any meaningful solutions in tackling sustainability challenges which are dragging behind our economy (Goh, Brown, Spickett, 2010, p.307). This means that the organisations will have to divert some resources which could have been used to achieve firm's objectives and goals in this systems thinking and it is not a guarantee that the systems thinking will help to come up with the needed solution and this creates fear in some institutions and that is why some organisations are reluctant in embracing the systems thinking approaches. Systems thinking is also very comprehensive and complicated as it provides many alternatives and options but it does not give details of how to achieve the given choices hence the users of the systems thinking approach are forced to look for the ways of making those options on their own, and that's why many corporations ignore it as a way that can help to come up with critical solutions to sustainability challenges that are hindering sustainability development in our nation (Flood, 2010,p.180). Increasing women's participation in senior executive roles in Australian corporation as the wicked problem is going to show us how systems thinking can be used to solve this sustainability challenge in our corporations which may be in one way or another be preventing many Australian companies from achieving their goal. Through the use of systems thinking approach one will be able to avoid this wicked problem of denying women senior positions in many corporations by realizing that women have changed (Branson, 2011, p.793). This implies that many women nowadays have shifted much of their time from domestic roles to labor which can be paid and this has helped them to gain experience and characteristics which are needed so as to survive in a job environment which is dominated by men. This systems thinking approach will make many employers realize that women also has what it takes to succeed and thus helping to solve sustainability challenges in this nation. Through systems thinking many corporations will realize that leadership role have changed and they don't need men only to head and lead them like before. This shift in leadership roles has created an environment which is more conducive and consistent with the female roles in leadership, and this trend will lead to many corporations being used to female gender occupying top seats (Branson,2011, p.793). Systems thinking will also make companies change their organizational practices and avoid discriminating women because they have the same rights as their male counterparts. Through this, many women will be able to assume top seats in some corporation as there will be no discrimination and if it will be detected , courts in Australia are fighting day and night to make sure every citizen who faces employment discrimination gets his/her rights and this protection allows women to access leadership positions in this organisations and ended up doing pretty well in helping solve many global issues affecting our economy (Clarke, 2011, p. 500) . Change in organizational practices recognized by systems thinking has also embraced rewarding hardworking employees regardless of gender, and this has helped many women get promotions and assume top positions in many corporations (Davidson and Burke, 2011, p.280). Systems thinking has also caused Australian company to embrace to advocate for equal emp loyment opportunities actively, and this has caused many women to apply for senior executive roles in many organizations, and many ends up securing the advertised jobs and this has helped to come up with relevant solutions such as empowering women economically and this can solve some sustainability challenges. Embracing systems thinking will also enable corporations to realize that culture has changed in Australia and this progressive change has become of much importance to women who have skills and knowledge to run companies like men. Unlike the past where women with unique talents were not appreciated, nowadays systems thinking embraced in many organisations has helped women with individual talents to be recognized and this recognition has helped many women to access opportunities which have exposed them to business practices which have enabled them to gain the necessary experience needed to run big firms in Australia (Clarke, 2011, p. 500) Rewarding women in executive positions who excel in their roles will also encourage other women to feel motivated to apply for top-level jobs in Australian corporation. In conclusion, systems thinking should be embraced by all corporations. The adoption of systems thinking in organizations operations has proved to help firms understand themselves better. This understanding makes them come up with better decisions that enable them to effectively and efficiently advocate for solutions that will contribute to eliminating sustainability challenges that cripple our economy if not well addressed. References Best, A. and Holmes, B., 2010. Systems thinking, knowledge and action: towards better models and methods. Evidence Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice, 6(2), pp.145-159. Branson, D.M., 2011. Initiatives to place women on corporate boards of directors: a global snapshot. J. Corp. L., 37, p.793. Clarke, M., 2011. Advancing women's careers through leadership development programs. Employee Relations, 33(5), pp.498-515. Davidson, M.J. and Burke, R.J. eds., 2011. Women in management worldwide (Vol. 2). Aldershot: Gower. Flood, R.L., 2010. The relationship of systems thinkingto action research. Systemic Practice Galbreath, J., 2011. Are there gender-related influences on corporate sustainability? A study of women on boards of directors. Journal of Management Organization, 17(01), pp.17-38. Goh, Y.M., Brown, H., and Spickett, J., 2010. Applying systems thinking concepts in the analysis of major incidents and safety culture. Safety Science, 48(3), pp.302-309. Jackson, M.C., 2010. Reflections on the development and contribution of critical systems thinking and practice. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 27(2), pp.133-139. Kaplan, A.M. and Haenlein, M., 2010. Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media. Business Horizons, 53(1), pp.59-68. Mai, T.V., 2010, August. Systems thinking approach as a unique tool for sustainable tourism development: A case study in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve of Vietnam. In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the ISSS-2010, Waterloo, Canada (Vol. 54, No. 1). Matsa, D.A. and Miller, A.R., 2013. A female style in corporate leadership? Evidence from Quotas. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(3), pp.136-69. Mingers, J. and White, L., 2010. A review of the recent contribution of systems thinking to operational research and management science. European Journal of Operational Research, 207(3), pp.1147-1161. Nguyen, N.C. and Bosch, O.J., 2013. Systems thinking the approach to identify leverage points for sustainability: a case study in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 30(2), pp.104-115. Nguyen, N.C. and Bosch, O.J., 2013. Systems thinking the approach to identify leverage points for sustainability: a case study in the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 30(2), pp.104-115. White, K., Carvalho, T. and Riordan, S., 2011. Gender, power, and managerialism in universities. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 33(2), pp.179-188. Wiek, A., Withycombe, L., and Redman, C.L., 2011. Key competencies in sustainability: a reference framework for academic program development. Sustainability Science, 6(2), pp.203-218.

Resource and environmental management of fire-adapted forests Essay Example

Resource and environmental management of fire-adapted forests Essay Resource and environmental management of fire-adapted forests Name: Institution: Lecturer: We will write a custom essay sample on Resource and environmental management of fire-adapted forests specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Resource and environmental management of fire-adapted forests specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Resource and environmental management of fire-adapted forests specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Course: Date: Resource and environmental management of fire-adapted forests Forests are a natural recourse whose conservation and replenishment is essential for the sustainability of the human race. The forest resource has been constantly at the risk of extinction resulting from the uncontrolled utilization of the resource. Forests are essential for the survival of civilization since they satisfy most of humanities essential needs. Many communities derive their income, food, medicine, energy and at times entire livelihoods purely from the forests. In addition, most of the global water catchments areas lie within global forested regions. Also, forests tend to create a balance in the delicate ecosystem. They form a basic source of the essential oxygen that supports all animal life in planet earth. This highly works in highlighting on how essential forest conservation efforts are. These mean survival for the current and future civilization and the entire life on planet earth. The nature conservancy is one of the institutions purposed with the task of management and restoration of environmental habitats around the globe. The institution is also concerned with researching and conducting restoration and conservancy efforts of the fire-adapted forests. The fire-adapted forests in the United States of America have undergone significant changes resulting from fire suppression, uncontrolled logging, and grazing. The above activities render these forests prone to cruel fire, insect and disease events. Activities such as mechanical thinning, prescribed fire and fuel treatment practices are some of the efforts currently aimed at restoring and conserving these essential resources. This paper researches on the essential topics that are important for consideration when creating an association between forest management and the science policy of carbon and climate change. The topics addressed by this paper for the facilitation of policy experts include: The underlying associations between forest management, carbon budget and discharge; The available management and investigation that the nature conservancy and other conservation institutions can put into consideration to guarantee the laid out projects attain pliability while controlling the threats created by climate change; and The various factors to put into consideration when assessing external research The underlying associations between forest management, carbon budget and discharge The current approach for the conservation of most of the global forests has mainly evolved from a land protection model that takes into account the expansive connection between private and public property partnerships. The utilization of these partnerships that the institutions advantage conservation results that is over and above their relevant reserve networks. The professional skills availed by science and policy serve to frame conservation institutions work that is beyond their borders. The appreciation of the scientific policy in line with the underlying global threats to forest biodiversity and incorporating partnerships in the mitigation of these threats is one of the essential threats of the conservation institutions. In line with this, the nature conservancy develops partnerships to facilitate forest resilience in fire-adapted ecosystems. The development of resilience strategies that are in conformity with the objectives of the partners, while at the same time carrying out the conservation of biodiversity is one of the active roles of the nature conservancy. Many of the stakeholders and interest groups are mounting pressure for the treatment of forests for hazard reduction outcomes. This is also reflected through the enactment of the healthy forest restoration act of 2003 that emphasizes on this approach aimed at setting up fuel reduction projects on public lands. Current debates concerning the effects of the current management practices in reducing carbon emissions question the reduction of carbon emission using restoration treatments. However, since the studied results pertain to mixed reactions, there is inherent difficulty in making clear conclusions regarding the role of forest treatments in the mitigation of long-term carbon emissions through the prevention of uncharacteristic forest fires. The present fuel reduction efforts also contribute to the release of carbon to the atmosphere through some of the prescribed fire and pile burning techniques. Additional measures such as disturbance of soil and the charring of the forest floor during thinning activities, ferrying and dispensation thinned trees, decomposition and blazing logging slash and additional biomass. To facilitate the differentiation of the present studies and results it is highly recommended that that there is a review and appreciation of the capacity and purpose of the study provided. In essence, study designs that take into account various sources of emissions and sink factors that are brought about by the treatments are more useful in providing information the enactment of policy considering the role of the treatment of forests in the effort of minimizing carbon emissions. This raises the need for the consideration of more factors that account for the entire life cycle of carbon. This will facilitate the reduction the present uncertainty concerning the results of forest management efforts in bringing about a reduction in carbon emissions. The analysis of the present researches highlights on the need of analyzing the carbon beyond the project location. The available management and investigation that the nature conservancy and other conservation institutions can put into consideration to guarantee the laid out projects attain pliability while controlling the threats created by climate change; The role of resilience treatments The global increase on carbon markets is facilitating the treatment proposals that are aimed at the setting of carbon-offset payments. This serves to creating change in the management of storing excess carbon or minimizing the risk of dangerous fires and additional loss of carbon retention. In the analysis of the underlying treatment designs, the conservation institutions including the nature conservancy and their extensive scope of practitioners that take interest in forest pliability need to recognize one important aspect. The activity of thinning as a sole conservative technique fails in effectively acting as a fuel treatment. To enhance effectiveness there is the need to put into consideration the combination with treatment of surface fuels undertaken through approved blazing, pile blazing or the use of wild land fire. When fire is not available, various stands that burned regularly with open structures have now transformed into dense vegetation with continuous canopies. This aspect renders them susceptible to crown fire. The latter is regarded as one of the fundamental cause of high intensity conflagrations that tend to beleaguer the western frontier of the United States of America. Effects of climate change on forests One of the most effective means of buffering ecosystems against the damaging effects of future climates is through the amplification of their resilience. Fire is a fundamental process on the formation of the historical landscape. The climate change affects various fire regimes through the increase in length of the normal fire season, increase in severity and continual droughts, an increase in the number and frequency of lightning ignitions and augmentation in the quantity of fuel and fuel continuity. With this respect, there is therefore the need for the nature conservancy and other environmental organizations to set the land in preparation of the underlying changes to result in minimal effects to the biota. This will highly work in the anticipation of additional all-embracing and uncontrollable fires in the future. The presence of fire exclusions for quite a considerable amount of time with forecasted climate change may work in the promotion of fires in the future that could end up severely changing the structure of the landscape in addition to its composition and function. These effects may continue to the point where there is an exhaustion of the available carbon stores. The types of restoration treatments that can be put into consideration by the various conservation organizations must put into account the fact that there will be a considerable change in fire regimes. This will result in making various efforts and techniques aimed at fuel treatment ineffective. There will therefore be an impediment to the design of restoration treatments during the motion of the fire regimes and the subsequent preferred stand conditions since they are rendered a target in motion. In addition, most effective fuel treatment techniques take different forms depending on the type of the forest and the underlying spatial context. No treatment method that is effective on all the various types of forests exists. The conservation institutions ought to comprehend the processes involved in the occurrence of the shifts. These interested parties are then to assign preferred forecasted conditions that then develop and closely control and monitor the restoration treatments that will result in the reduction of the damaging effects of high-severity fire. The same institutions are to make certain that post-fire landscapes depict ecologically viable patterns and composition. Various landscape-scale projects incorporate the methodology of the nature conservancy conservation action planning in the association of the phenomena of altering fire regimes with the goals and objectives of the treatment procedure. This adoption works in highly enabling the development and evaluation of forest restoration treatments that optimally enable mangers to put into action, control and adapt through the utilization of a long-term plan purposed for the health and resilience of the ecosystem. The various factors to put into consideration when assessing external research When analyzing past research on how the process of thinning affects carbon stocks and wildfire emissions, there develops an importance for the evaluation of the underlying types and intensities resulting from harvesting practices that are realized by the study design. If the study is purely a modeling exercise that involves the use of numerical reductions in forest canopy, the study may end up failing in indicating the realistic image of thinning being practiced in the field aimed at reinstituting the health of the forest. At the same time, resilience thinning may fail in working as a stand management procedure for carbon. The thinning prescriptions ought to reflect the acceptable dynamic processes such as the aspect of natural patch establishment, prevalent disease outbreaks and pest attacks and characteristic fire. These are not to be characterized by simply setting up numeric associations of the biomass reduction. The above could lead to a failure in capturing the realistic aspects and adverse effects of the resilience-based practices. Only minimal documented cases exist that indicate the ability of pairing of the simulations with the realistic implementation of projects. This is specifically when it entails the tracking of the carbon stores before and after fire. These take into account the sources of the fire emissions and the black carbon. The dead sinks are also included in the studies. On the other hand a wide range of literature regarding the effects of fire and decay rates. However, it is only until recently that the controlled and empirical studies made considerable impact on the scientific community. One such research is that of the Fire and Fire Surrogate Study. Others include the Sierra Nevada Adaptive Management Project and the Teakettle Experimental Forest. The above studies tend to bring about three substantial benefits to the scientific community. One is the ability to indicate comparison of the various silvicultural methods that aim to alleviate fire hazard in common forest types that have been characterized by recurrent low to average fire regimes in terms of intensity, in the past. Secondly, the studies are able to indicate a comparison of the underlying costs and linked benefits that are associated with fuel treatment procedures. Thirdly, these studies facilitate the comparison of models between the ground treatments and the practical measurements on the field. One research approach that is relied upon by the scientific community is the utilization of life cycle assessment approaches that put into consideration the underlying carbon stores and related benefits that result from fuel treatment. One disadvantage inherent to the methodology of the life cycle assessment technique is they end up being too time intensive. This methodology has an inherent value since it takes into account the fuel treatment products from the time they are initiated into the field to the time their effects seem to diminish completely. The adoption of a life cycle approach for comparing fuel treatments and the underlying benefits realized by the approach raises the need for clarity of the domain boundaries form the onset of the research. This is because forests act as systems that give feedback that tend to highly influence carbon responses to actions. It is therefore imperative to define clearly the limitations of the controls evidenced by a realistic carbon project. A project that takes into account a life cycle approach ought to indicate definitive boundaries in terms of space and time. It is also imperative to determine whether the life cycle lies in line to the standards set by the International Standards Organization (ISO). References Abella, S.R., Fule, P.Z. and W. W. Covington. (2006). Diameter Caps for Thinning Southwestern Ponderosa Pine Forests: Viewpoints, Effects, and Tradeoffs. Journal of Forestry. 407-414. Agee, J.K. and C.N. Skinner. (2005). Basic principles of forest fuel reduction treatments. Forest Ecology and Management 211:83-96. Agarwal, B. (2001). Participatory exclusions, community forestry, and gender, an analysis for South Asia and a conceptual framework. World Development 29, 1623-1648. Agrawal, A. (2007). Forests, governance, and sustainability, common property theory and its contributions. International Journal of the Commons 1, 111-136. Baker, J.M. (1998). The effect of community forest structure on social forestry outcomes, insights from Chota Nagpur, India. Mountain Research and Development 18, 51-62. Biswell, H.H. (1989). Prescribed burning in California wildland vegetation management. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA. Dearden, P., Mitchell, B. (2009). Environmental change and challenge: A Canadian perspective. Don Mills, Ont: Oxford University Press. Shindler, B., P. List, and B. Steel. (1993). Managing federal forests: public attitudes in Oregon and nationwide. J. of For. 91(7):36-42. Shindler, B., B. Steel, and P. List. (1996). Public judgments of adaptive management: a response from forest communities. J. of For. 94(6):4-12. Simon, H.A. (1956). Rational choice and the structure of the environment. Psychological Review 63(2):129-138. Stankey, G. (1995). The pursuit of sustainability: Joining science and public choice. The George Wright Forum 12(3):11-18. Stankey, G. and B. Shindler. (1997). Adaptive management areas: achieving the promise, avoiding the peril. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rept. PNW-GTR-394. 21 pp. Steel, B., P. List, and B. Shindler. (1994). Conflicting values about federal forests: a comparison of national and Oregon publics. Society and Natural Resources 7:137-153.

ludhiana essays

ludhiana essays Ludhiana is an Industrial Town of India. Ludhiana Business Community has proved its Industrial Strength not only on the Indian Map but also on the World Map. Ludhiana is famous for Bicycle Ludhiana is commonly known as the Manchester of India and also as Industrial Capital of Small Scale Industry in the country. The origin of the town can be traced to the year 1481 A.D. when the Lodhies established fort here. There was hardly any industry worth name in the year 1947 in Ludhiana. The Muslims which constituted the major working force in the industry migrated to West Pakistan leaving a great gap to be filled up. The refugees who came from west Pakistan after partition and settled at Ludhiana, were very enterprising and hard working people. They immediately took up the industry ventures for their lively hood and this was the start of industrial development of the city. Ludhiana has seen enormous industrial growth during the last 4/5 years due to significant improvement in the law and order situation. A conductive atmosphere for the growth of industry is apparently visible. Lot of investment is coming up in industrial ventures may be from Punjab or from outside Punjab. A large number of units have come up both in small scale as well as in large A variety of items such as cycle and cycle part ...

History The American Civil War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History The American Civil War - Essay Example The Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation on 15th Nov, 1777. At that point of time Congress was the sole federal governmental institution in the United States of America and final draft of the Articles empowered the Congress with various political capacities, including negotiation of diplomatic treaties, capacity of declaring war and power to solve various issues related to the Western Territories. However, the Articles of Confederation was not full proof and it just provided the Congress with highest level of legislative powers, but without any authority to execute them. The Federalists, or a group of reformers, who emerged from the American Revolutionary War, in this context, opined that the Articles were not perfect to form a powerful central state and lacked some of the most important provisions for complete governance. The biggest criticism against the Articles of Confederation was that, it did not give taxing authority to the government, rather in times of national emergency the government had to request for funds from the States. The Articles also failed to authorize government with the powers of uniform tariff imposition, granting lands and undertake the burden of unpaid debts. Another major criticism against these articles was that they did not have the balancing capacity between large and small states, when it came to legislative decision making process. Criticism of the Federalists soon proved to be true. The Treaty of Paris was signed in the year 1783 and United States gained its independence finally but the governmental structure of the newly formed nation was completely unsettled. Soon, in the aftermath period of signing the Treaty of Paris, the Revolution took place and it was followed by the collapse of continental dollar all over U.S, leading to the great economic depression. At the same time, due to its unsettled governmental structure, feasibility of the American Government was

Your objective is to understand how management (directors and his Essay

Your objective is to understand how management (directors and his team) of BP company, dealt with the oil spill in the gulf of Mexico - Essay Example They came up with approximation of ninety days and forty billion as the cost through seeking money from other companies. According to Bryant & Hunter (1-2), BP started by attempting to install a valve to shutoff one of the leaks that were underwater, though, it was a difficult process that they thought would not succeed. Two days later, they had managed to stop oil flow from one of the three leaking points on the riser in the Gulf of Mexico and the spoiled oil well. However, this effort did not solve the overall problem of leakage and they had to improvise another method to solve the problem completely. They came up with the idea of installing a cofferdam at the end of the riser, though; it was not successful because there was extra formation of hydrate crystals in the dome. This made them use the junk shot method to wad the leak that was undersea by pumping shredded materials into the well at an extremely high

Becoming an Effective Salesperson Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Becoming an Effective Salesperson - Term Paper Example Becoming an Effective Salesperson Selling means being able to persuade and convince the buyer that what is for sale is needed and a must for whatever purpose a buyer can be convinced that they are in need of filling. In examining the occupations that are defined as different types of sales, I feel that in my life I have the values and interests will allow me to become a successful salesperson. Being a good sales person requires a great many skills, and some natural talent. One of the primary skills that must be learned is how to sell, rather than just present a sales opportunity and hope the buyer buys the product. Being a professional salesperson means learning the skills that are required to motivate people to buy a product. It also means learning everything that one can possibly know about the product. Without behaving as a professional, sales will never be a profession, but merely something one is trying to accomplish. However, a professional knows how to move a sale and make it happen. A professional has gained the skills required through dedication to their profession. Many types of sales are accomplished without the company insisting that the sales associates treat their employment as a profession, however in order to take the position seriously and behave in a manner that best represents a product, treating the job as a profession will allow the worker to have the best possible tools for success. Treating the job of salesperson as a profession means honing the skills that best serve the position. According to Lytle (2000), â€Å"You want your customers to trust you. Your personal credibility and trust are vital parts of any successful salesperson-client relationship.† (p. 41). Part of being trustworthy is being prepared with solid, concrete information that closes the gaps between what the customer fears and what will bring the customer to the end of the sale. It is recommended that to be trustworthy, one must provide information that is accurate and complete, thus providing the most complete picture of how the product fills the need. Being trustworthy also means becoming prepared. Coming to a sales meeting with the intention of presenting several options that are the result of having studied the needs of the customer in comparison to the offerings of the company will go a long way in building trust (Lytle 2000). The two vital components to be truly trustworthy in the eyes of a customer is in being educated and in putting in work that creates a sense that the salesperson is prepared. One of the aspects of my personality that I think makes me suitable for a position in sales is that I am a firm believer in coming into a situation prepared for the outcomes. As well, I try to find ways to contribute to the situation, thus placing myself in a position of trust. I take this attitude with all tasks that I am giving, looking at the number of ways in which being prepared can contribute and then going about learning and studying the different aspects that might be n ecessary. I was taught the values of being prepared from a very young age, my parents instilling within me an ethic that provided me with the appropriate understanding of the connection between preparing for a situation so that should an opportunity present itself, I could honorably take advantage of it. Understanding the potential prospect means developing skills that will inspire the buyer to want to make a